European cities implement Low Emission Zones to cut pollution, impacting local spending.

Many European cities are introducing Low Emission Zones (LEZs) to cut traffic and pollution. Madrid's LEZ, for example, has reduced pollution by 19% and traffic by 16%, but it also led to a 21% drop in local in-store spending by outsiders, partly offset by a 12% rise in online spending. Policymakers must weigh these impacts to maintain public support for such environmental measures.

November 11, 2024
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