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flag 19 studies link maternal prenatal smoking to poor academic outcomes in children, increasing likelihood by 49%.

flag 19 studies and 1.25 million participants reveal a link between maternal prenatal smoking and poor academic outcomes in children. flag A meta-analysis shows that children exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking are 49% more likely to struggle with poor academic achievement. flag This research emphasizes the need for better education of mothers and families about the detrimental effects of smoking during pregnancy on both mother and child.

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