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flag Former RBI Governor C. Rangarajan warns against inefficient "import substitution" in India's Atmanirbhar strategy and urges a multidimensional approach.

flag Former RBI Governor C. Rangarajan warns against inefficient "import substitution" in India's Atmanirbhar strategy, urging a multidimensional approach focusing on investment rates, agriculture, manufacturing, services, and new technologies. flag He emphasizes the need for cost-efficient import substitution and higher education reforms in access, equity, and quality. flag To achieve a per capita income of over USD 13,000 by 2024, India needs an average annual real growth rate of 6-7%.

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